Skip Navigation Links.
World Journal of Chemical Education. 2019, 7(2), 166-171
DOI: 10.12691/WJCE-7-2-16
Special Issue

Teaching Organic Electronics - Part II: Quick & Easy Synthesis of the (Semi-)Conductive Polymer PEDOT: PSS in a Snap-Cap Vial

Amitabh Banerji1, , Stephan Kirchmeyer2, Klaus Meerholz2, 3 and Fabian Scharinger1

1Institute of Chemistry Education, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany

2COPT Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

3Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

Pub. Date: April 11, 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transformation of Knowledge in Chemistry into Didactical Experiments)
Full Text PDF

Cite this paper

Amitabh Banerji, Stephan Kirchmeyer, Klaus Meerholz and Fabian Scharinger. Teaching Organic Electronics - Part II: Quick & Easy Synthesis of the (Semi-)Conductive Polymer PEDOT: PSS in a Snap-Cap Vial. World Journal of Chemical Education. 2019; 7(2):166-171. doi: 10.12691/WJCE-7-2-16

Abstract

Organic Electronics is an interdisciplinary and cutting-edge research field leading to innovative applications and products like ultra-thin and high-efficient organic LED displays, light-weight and transparent organic solar cells or printed organic field-effect transistors (to name only few). The core functional materials in such devices are organic (semi-)conductors like conjugated polymers, oligomers or small molecules. As a sequel to our former contribution in the World Journal of Chemical Education (Vol 6, No. 1), we present in this paper a hands-on, quick and easy experiment for the synthesis of the (semi-)conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS. This experiment can be integrated into laboratory trainings and enriches the portfolio for teachers and lab-instructors dealing with organic electronics.

Keywords

PEDOT:PSS, OLED, conjugated polymers, organic semiconductors, future technology

Copyright

Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

[1]  Banerji, A., Tausch, M.W., Scherf, U., Classroom Experiments and Teaching Materials on OLEDs with Semiconducting Polymers. Educacion Quimica 2012, 24 (1), 17-22.
 
[2]  Banerji, A., Tausch, M. W., Scherf, U., Fantastic Plastic – von der Cola-Flasche zur organischen Leuchtdiode. CHEMKON, 2012, 19(1), 7-12.
 
[3]  Banerji, A., Dörschelln, J., Schwarz, D., Organische Leuchtdioden im Chemieunterricht, Chemie in unserer Zeit 2018, 52 (1), 34-41.
 
[4]  Banerji, A., Organische Elektronik als Lehrstoff, Nachr. Chemie 2017, 65 (7-8), 807-809.
 
[5]  Banerji, A., Schönbein, A. K., Wolff, J., OLED Reloaded: Die Synthese des Halbleiterpolymers MEH‐PPV als Schulversuch, CHEMKON 2018, 24 (4), 251-256.
 
[6]  Banerji, A., Schönbein, A.-K., Halbrügge, L., Teaching Organic Electronics: The Synthesis of the Conjugated Polymer MEH-PPV in a Hands-on Experiment for Undergraduate Students, World Journal of Chem. Educ. 2018, 6 (1), 54-62.
 
[7]  Heeger, A. J., Semiconducting and metallic polymers: The fourth generation of polymeric materials (Nobel Lecture), a) Angew. Chem. 2001, 113(14), 2660-2682 b) Angew Chem Int Ed 2001, 40(14), 2591-2611.
 
[8]  Shirakawa, H. The discovery of polyacetylene film: the dawning of an era of conducting polymers (Nobel Lecture), a) Angew Chem 2001, 113(14), 2642-2648 b) Angew Chem Int Ed 40(14), 2575-2580.
 
[9]  MacDiarmid, A. G. , "Synthetic Metals": A novel role for organic polymers (Nobel Lecture). a) Angew Chem 113(14), 2649-2659 b) Angew Chem Int Ed 2001, 40(14), 2581-2590.
 
[10]  Elschner, A., Kirchmeyer, S., Lövenich, W., Merker, U., Reuter, K., PEDOT: Principles and Applications of an Intrinsically Conductive Polymer, 2010, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
 
[11]  Merker, U., Wussow, K., Kirchmeyer, S., Schnitter, C. and Lerch, K.. Manufacturing Process for Low ESR Polymer Electrolyte Capacitors. Proceedings of the 17th Passive Components Conference CARTS Europe, 2003, 79, Stuttgart.
 
[12]  Reed, E., Marshall, J. and Hahn, R., How low can you go – tantalum polymer capacitors with ESR under 7 mΩ. In: Proceedings of the 16th passive components symposium CARTS Europe, 2002, 60-67, Electronic Components Institute Internationale Ltd., Port St. Laurent.
 
[13]  Jonas, F. and Wolf, G.-D.. EP 553671 (Bayer AG). Prior: 29 January 1992.
 
[14]  Frisch, K. C. and Patsis, A., Triboelectrification of Polymers. In: Electrical Properties of Polymers, Ed. D. A. Seanor. 1982, 37-58. Academic Press, New York.
 
[15]  Jonda, C., Mayer, A. B. R., Stolz, U., Elschner, A. and Karbach, A., Surface roughness effects and their influence on the degradation of organic light emitting devices, J Mater Sci 2000, 35, 5645-5651.
 
[16]  Burroughes, J. H., Bradley, D. D. C., Brown, A. R., Marks, R. N., Mackey, K., Friend, R. H., Burns, P. L. and Holmes, A. B., Light-emitting diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature 1990, 347, 539-541.
 
[17]  Aernouts, T., Geens, W., Poortmans, J.. Heremans, P., Borghs, S. and Mertens, R., Extraction of bulk and contact components of the series resistance in organic bulk donor-acceptor-heterojunctions“, Thin Solid Films 2002, 403, 297-301.
 
[18]  Zhang, F. L., Gadisa, A., Inganaes, O., Svensson, M. and Andersson, M. R., Influence of buffer layers on the performance of polymer solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett 2004, 84, 3906-3908.
 
[19]  Yoo, I., Lee, M., Lee, C., Kim, D. W., Moon, I. S. and Hwang, D. H., The effect of a buffer layer on the photovoltaic properties of solar cells with P3OT:fullerene composites. Synth. Met. 2005, 153, 97-100.
 
[20]  Arias, A. C., Granström, M., Thomas, D. S., Petritsch, K. and Friend, R. H. Doped conducting-polymer-semiconducting-polymer interfaces: Their use in organic photovoltaic devices. Phys. Rev. B 1999, 60(3), 1854-1860.
 
[21]  Organic Photovoltaics: Materials, Device Physics, and manufacturing Technologies, ed. Brabec, C., Dyakonov, V. and Scherf, U., 2008, Wiley-VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
 
[22]  Shaheen, S. E., Ginley, D. S. and Jabbour, G. E., Organic-Based Photovoltaics: Toward Low-Cost Power Generation. MRS Bull. 2005, 30, 10-19.
 
[23]  Heuer, H. W., Wehrmann, R. and Kirchmeyer, S., Electrochromic Window Based on Conducting Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Poly(styrene sulfonate). Adv. Funct. Mater. 2002, 12(2), 89-94.
 
[24]  Heeger, A. J. Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers: The Fourth Generation of Polymeric Materials. J. Phys. Chem. B. 2001, 105(36), 8475-8491.
 
[25]  Jonas, F. and Krafft, W., EP 440957 (Bayer AG), Prior: 20 December 1990.
 
[26]  a) Tracht, U., Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Personal Communication 2001, b) Kirchmeyer, S., Reuter, K. and Simpson, J., Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) - Scientific Importance, Remarkable Properties, and Applications. In: Handbook of Conducting Polymers 3rd ed. Ed. T. A. Skotheim and J. A. Reynolds, 10-1-10-22. 2007, CRC Press Boca Raton.
 
[27]  Zotti, G., Zecchin, S., Schiavon, G., Louwet, F., Groenendaal, L., Crispin, X., Osikowicz, W., Salaneck, W. and Fahlman, M., Macromolecules 2003, 36, 3337-3344.
 
[28]  Aasmundtveit, K. E., Samuelsen, E. J., Pettersson, L. A. A., Inganäs, O., Johansson, T. and Feidenhans'l, R., Structure of thin films of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene). Synth. Met. 1999, 101(1-3), 561-564.
 
[29]  Hwang, J., Tanner, D. B., Schwendeman, I. and Reynolds, J. R.. Optical properties of nondegenerate ground-state polymers: Three dioxythiophene-based conjugated polymers Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67(11), 115205-1–115205-10.
 
[30]  Ouyang, J., Xu, Q., Chu, C.-W., Yang, Y., Li, G. and Shinar, J., On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment. Polymer 2004, 45 (25), 8443-8450.
 
[31]  Jonas, F., Karbach, A., Muys, B., van Thillo, E., Wehrmann, R., Elschner, A. and Dujardin, R., EP 686662 (Bayer AG), Prior: 6 May 1994.
 
[32]  Jönsson, S. K. M., Birgerson, J., Crispin, X., Greczynski, G., Osikowicz, W., Denier van der Gon, A. W., Salaneck, W. R. and Fahlman, M., The effects of solvents on the morphology and sheet resistance in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT-PSS) films. Synth. Met. 2003, 139(1), 1-10.
 
[33]  Giraudet, L., Fauveaux, S., Simonetti, O., Petit, C., Blary, K., Maurel, T., and Belkhir, A., Spin-coated conductive polymer film resistivity measurement using the TLM method. Synth. Met. 2006, 156(11-13), 838-884.
 
[34]  Bantikassegn, W. and Inganäs, O., Electronic properties of junctions between aluminum and doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Thin Solid Films 1997, 293(1-2), 138-143.
 
[35]  Jönsson, S. K. M., Salaneck, W. R. and Fahlman, M., X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the metal/polymer contacts involving aluminium and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid) derivatives. J. Mater. Res. 2003, 18(5), 1219-1226.
 
[36]  Scherr, D., Plastiksolarzellen-ein Experiment für die Schule?. CHEMKON 2014, 21(1), 31-36.
 
[37]  Rendon-Enriquez, I. N., Tausch, M. W., Scherf U., Elektrochrome Fenster mit leitenden Polymeren.Chem. unserer Zeit 2016, 50, 400-405.
 
[38]  Hertel, D. Müller, C.D., Meerholz, K. Organische Leuchtdioden: Bilderzeugung, ChiuZ 2005, 39 (5), 336-347.